In recent years, and in view of the problems posed by the traditional models for integration and diversity policies—the assimilation vs. the multicultural approach—there is an increasing focus on the model referred to as intercultural.
Countries that chose the route of applying their own version of the multicutural model have placed a greater emphasis on respect and recognition of differences, aiming fewer efforts at reinforcing the common elements shared by all. The choice to not focus on those bonds has led to a certain degree of segregation. On the other hand, the assimilation model placed such a strong emphasis on the principle of equality, with the obligation of taking on the values, identity, and culture of the receiving society, that it developed a tendency to erase diversity. The intercultural approach differs from the former models in its underlying assumption that, to strike a balance between respect and recognition of diversity and common, shared elements that warrant cohesion, it is essential to focus on the relationships established between citizens. This approach supports the promotion of positive interaction, contact, dialogue, and mutual knowledge as key elements for better addressing the complex challenges posed by diversity.
The intercultural approach to diversity management is based on three key principles:
THE PRINCIPLE OF EQUALITY
It is essential to have a context where equal rights, obligations, and social opportunities for all citizens are truly being supported. Therefore, advancing towards real interculturalism calls for working in favor of equality and against exclusion and discrimination, especially when they are related to citizens’ origins and cultural differences. THE PRINCIPLE OF
RESPECT AND THE VALUE OF DIVERSITY
It is necessary to acknowledge, value, and respect diversity in its broadest sense. We must make an effort to take advantage of the opportunities for social enrichment that arise from sociocultural diversity.
THE PRINCIPLE OF POSITIVE INTERACTION
Based on the acknowledgment of differences, it is important to stress the common, shared elements that bring all citizens of Barcelona together, and therefore it is important to stimulate contact, mutual knowledge, and dialogue in order to reinforce this common ground.
A city like Barcelona is defined by its specific historical, social, cultural, and economic traits. It would be unrealistic to attempt to apply models from other cities or countries, although it certainly is useful to identify their positive aspects as well as their shortcomings. To advance safely towards the twofold objective of securing social cohesion and peaceful coexistence while also taking advantage of the opportunities offered by cultural diversity, it is essential for intercultural policies to participate in defining the city's specific global strategy. This is, ultimately, the objective of Pla Barcelona Interculturalitat.
